Originally published 7/18/2017
The blog below is now over five years old, but its main point stands: treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) should be appropriately matched to each patient’s clinical and lifestyle factors. The blog also implied that if radical prostatectomy (RP) does not offer a significant survival benefit over less aggressive treatment (including Active Surveillance), perhaps fewer RPs are needed.
In fact, a recent analysis of data from the Veterans Administration for the period Jan. 1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2017 reveals that RP trends have shifted significantly.[i] This is due to better treatment matching. The study found that the number of men with low-risk disease who received RP lessened from 51% to 7%–a decrease of 44%. This drop is in line with our earlier point that the kind of services we offer at the Sperling Prostate Center can identify which men qualify for an alternative to an aggressive, whole-gland treatment. Thus, it’s reassuring to see that patients who don’t need RP aren’t having one. At the same time, it’s not surprising that RP use for men with intermediate-risk PCa rose during the same interval, from 30% to 59%–an increase of 29%–and from 30% to 41% for those with unfavorable intermediate risk tumors. Finally, for patients with high-risk disease, use of RP grew from 18% to 33%.
However, even patients with high-risk will benefit from additional diagnostic services, especially imaging (multiparametric MRI, PSMA PET) to verify that PCa has not yet left the gland. The reason for an average 25% RP failure rate as far as 15 years out from surgery is the fact that positive margins, positive lymph nodes, or very small metastasis were undetected to begin with. Today it’s different. Now we can accurately detect tumor spread before surgery, and modify the treatment plan. That said, we are happy to see the changing pattern of kissing RP goodbye for low-risk PCa in favor of other choices.
This headline got my immediate attention: “No Benefit with Surgery for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer.” The July 12, 2017 article by MedPage Today Senior Associate Editor Charles Bankhead is based on the most recent follow up findings from the PIVOT randomized trial. They suggest that radical prostatectomy (RP) does not offer men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) a significant survival benefit over active surveillance or other type of observation. For traditional urologists, this might seem close to heresy.
When the PIVOT trial began in 1994, it enrolled 740 men with localized PCa who were randomly assigned either to RP or observation (active surveillance or other forms of monitoring). In 2012, the first PIVOT findings were published. The primary endpoint was overall survival (death from any cause) and the secondary endpoint was prostate cancer-specific survival (death from prostate cancer). Based on the numbers, the authors concluded, “Among men with localized prostate cancer detected during the early era of PSA testing, radical prostatectomy did not significantly reduce all-cause or prostate-cancer mortality, as compared with observation, through at least 12 years of follow-up.”[ii] Thus, RP offered no significant survival benefit from either endpoint.
Now, five years later, 468 out of 731 patients (64%) have died, and the long-term data has been re-analyzed. Median survival with RP is 13 years vs. 12.4 years for observation, but a major difference is patient-reported quality of life. The RP group had far more complaints about things like incontinence, ED, discomfort, limited activities, etc. that men on observation did not go through.
While it may be tempting to ask what’s the point of still pushing robotic RP to patients who would qualify for surveillance, we shouldn’t be too quick to kiss prostatectomy goodbye. After all, the original PIVOT trial was based on criteria for PCa risk level that are no longer acceptable, so some of the enrollees were actually intermediate-to-high risk by today’s standards. The authors of the more recent PIVOT analysis point out that today’s patients under age 65, depending on their clinical factors, may in fact gain a survival advantage from RP. The heart of the matter is correctly identifying such patients.
Our Center provides a complete suite of state-of-the-art diagnostic services for which we are recognized global leaders. These include multiparametric MRI, in-bore MRI targeted biopsies, complex PSA analytics, and genomic testing. We are able to identify, with a very high degree of confidence, which patients are candidates for active surveillance, which men qualify for Focal Laser Ablation (FLA), and which men will be best served by RP. So, before we kiss RP goodbye, let’s make sure it’s the right men who will most benefit from it.
NOTE: This content is solely for purposes of information and does not substitute for diagnostic or medical advice. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing pelvic pain, or have any other health concerns or questions of a personal medical nature.
References
[i] Vaculik K, Luu M, Howard LE, et al. Time Trends in Use of Radical Prostatectomy by Tumor Risk and Life Expectancy in a National Veterans Affairs Cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(6):e2112214.
[ii] Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM, Barry MJ et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 19;367(3):203-13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113162.
About Dr. Dan Sperling
Dan Sperling, MD, DABR, is a board certified radiologist who is globally recognized as a leader in multiparametric MRI for the detection and diagnosis of a range of disease conditions. As Medical Director of the Sperling Prostate Center, Sperling Medical Group and Sperling Neurosurgery Associates, he and his team are on the leading edge of significant change in medical practice. He is the co-author of the new patient book Redefining Prostate Cancer, and is a contributing author on over 25 published studies. For more information, contact the Sperling Prostate Center.
